[[OIcel declension]]
# OIcel u-stems

OIcel inherits [[PGmc u-stems]] with the following paradigm

| case | masc.sg                       | masc.pl                        |
| ---- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| nom  | <em class="ling">vǫll-r°</em> | <em class="ling">vell-ir⁺</em> |
| gen  | <em class="ling">vall-ar</em> | <em class="ling">vall-a</em>   |
| dat  | <em class="ling">vell-i⁺</em> | <em class="ling">vǫll-um</em>  |
| acc  | <em class="ling">vǫll-°</em>  | <em class="ling">vǫll-u</em>   |

The paradigm exhibits both phonological and morphological [[OIcel u-umlaut]] as well as [[OIcel i-umlaut|OIcel morphophonoligcal i-umlaut]].
Sometimes the ending <em class="ling">-i</em> is seen in acc.pl.

Only a single neuter u-stem survives, and is only inflected in the singular: 

| case | neut.sg                     |
| ---- | --------------------------- |
| nom  | <em class="ling">fé-∅</em>  |
| gen  | <em class="ling">fj-ár</em> | 
| dat  | <em class="ling">fé-∅</em>  |
| acc  | <em class="ling">fé-∅</em>  |

## Subclasses

Words with the suffix <em class="ling">-nað-</em> do not normally exhibit u-umlaut, but sometimes do.
They also always take the ending <em class="ling">-i</em> in acc.pl

| case | masc.sg                          | masc.pl                          |
| ---- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| nom  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-r</em>  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-ir</em> |
| gen  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-ar</em> | <em class="ling">fag-nað-a</em>  |
| dat  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-i</em>  | <em class="ling">fǫg-nuð-um</em> |
| acc  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-∅</em>  | <em class="ling">fag-nað-i</em>  | 

An especially complicated declension appears for roots with <em class="ling">Cj-</em>, resulting in [[OIcel j-deletion]].

| case | masc.sg                        | masc.pl                        |
| ---- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
| nom  | <em class="ling">fjǫrð-r°</em> | <em class="ling">firð-ir⁺</em> |
| gen  | <em class="ling">fjarð-ar</em> | <em class="ling">fjarð-a</em>  |
| dat  | <em class="ling">firð-i⁺</em>  | <em class="ling">fjǫrð-um</em> |
| acc  | <em class="ling">fjǫrð-°</em>  | <em class="ling">fjǫrð-u</em>  |

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